Achilles Injury...
Ankle Sprain...
The Achilles tendon connects the calf muscles to the heel bone, allowing you to walk and run. Achilles tendonopathy is a common injury among runners, but may also occur in people with pronated feet, or tight calf muscles.
The primary symptom of an Achilles tendon injury is pain to the back of the heel, which increases with exercise and lessens when exercise stops. Achilles tendonopathy also manifests itself with warmth, swelling and tenderness at the site. Range of motion may be limited. Achilles tendonopathy can lead to small tears in the tendon, making it susceptible to rupture, however rupture may also take place without any previous Achilles tendon problems.
The primary symptom of an Achilles tendon injury is pain to the back of the heel, which increases with exercise and lessens when exercise stops. Achilles tendonopathy also manifests itself with warmth, swelling and tenderness at the site. Range of motion may be limited. Achilles tendonopathy can lead to small tears in the tendon, making it susceptible to rupture, however rupture may also take place without any previous Achilles tendon problems.
Ankle Sprain...
The ankle forms the area around the joint between the lower parts of the tibia and fibula and the tarsal bones at the back of the foot. It is crisscrossed by a number of ligaments which can become injured when the ankle turns over so that the sole of the foot faces the inside. This is called an inversion sprain. It is important to get a professional diagnosis, since there may be damage to tendons, bones and other joint tissues in addition to ligament damage.
Calf Injury...
The calf muscle is made up of the gastrocnemius muscle which is the big muscle at the back of the lower leg and the soleus, the smaller one located just below the gastrocnemius. These muscles can become injured or torn due to poor stretching, strength, or overuse. Calf strain is common in athletes, especially runners.
Symptoms of calf strain are:
Hamstring Injury...
The hamstring refers to the group of muscles at the back of the thigh. They play a critical role in daily activities such as running, walking, jumping and controlling some trunk movement. The function of the hamstrings is to extend the hip and flex (bend) the knee. A hamstring strain also called a pulled hamstring is common in sports that involve sprinting such as, football and rugby.
Patello Femoral Pain...
Kneecap pain or patellofemoral syndrome is pain in and around the kneecap or patella of the knee. The kneecap (patella) fits in a groove between where the femur (thighbone) meets the tibia (shinbone). Irritation to the soft tissues in front of the knee, or a breakdown of the cartilage can lead to pain. Dull pain is felt under the kneecap and is usually the result of overuse. Runners who over train or train during injury are especially prone to this condition. Pain tends to worsen when ascending or descending stairs and when running downhill. The knee might stiffen after sitting for a long time. Weakness and tightness in the quadriceps, hamstrings and calf muscles, as well as flat feet and over-pronation may lead to this problem.
Runner's Knee...
Runner's knee or iliotibial band (ITB) friction syndrome is the name given to a condition that causes pain on the outside of the knee. The iliotibial band is a sheath of connective tissue that runs from the gluteal region (buttocks) to the tibia or shin bone. It helps to extend (straighten) the knee joint and abduct (move sideways) the hip. As the ITB passes over the femur (thigh bone) at the knee it rubs against the lateral epicondyle, causing friction. In runners, this may lead to irritation commonly called iliotibial band friction syndrome.
Shin Splints...
The term 'shin splints' is one given to another injury frequently seen among runners, in which there is pain on either the inside or outside of the shin bone (tibia). The term includes stress fractures of the tibia or fibula, inflammation of the tendons on the outside of the ankle, increased pressure within muscle compartments, or inflammation of the membrane covering the tibia. 'Shin splints' is an overuse injury characterized by pain that comes on with exercise. Runners who over-train, run on hard surfaces in poor running shoes, or who exhibit poor technique are susceptible to 'shin splints'.
Plantar Fasciitis...
Plantar fasciitis is inflammation of the fascia (thick band of tissue) at the bottom of the foot where it attaches to the heel bone. This is common in athletes who do a lot of running and jumping. There is gnawing pain or discomfort in the heel that radiates along the sole of the foot. It is also associated with flat feet, over pronation, obesity, and jobs that require a lot of walking over hard surfaces. Shoes with little or no arch support and inactivity may also contribute to this condition.
Calf Injury...
The calf muscle is made up of the gastrocnemius muscle which is the big muscle at the back of the lower leg and the soleus, the smaller one located just below the gastrocnemius. These muscles can become injured or torn due to poor stretching, strength, or overuse. Calf strain is common in athletes, especially runners.
Symptoms of calf strain are:
- •Pain at the back of the leg, between the knee and the heel.
- •Difficulty in standing on tiptoe.
- •Swelling or bruising in the calf muscle.
- •Pain when the muscle is contracted against resistance.
Hamstring Injury...
The hamstring refers to the group of muscles at the back of the thigh. They play a critical role in daily activities such as running, walking, jumping and controlling some trunk movement. The function of the hamstrings is to extend the hip and flex (bend) the knee. A hamstring strain also called a pulled hamstring is common in sports that involve sprinting such as, football and rugby.
Patello Femoral Pain...
Kneecap pain or patellofemoral syndrome is pain in and around the kneecap or patella of the knee. The kneecap (patella) fits in a groove between where the femur (thighbone) meets the tibia (shinbone). Irritation to the soft tissues in front of the knee, or a breakdown of the cartilage can lead to pain. Dull pain is felt under the kneecap and is usually the result of overuse. Runners who over train or train during injury are especially prone to this condition. Pain tends to worsen when ascending or descending stairs and when running downhill. The knee might stiffen after sitting for a long time. Weakness and tightness in the quadriceps, hamstrings and calf muscles, as well as flat feet and over-pronation may lead to this problem.
Runner's Knee...
Runner's knee or iliotibial band (ITB) friction syndrome is the name given to a condition that causes pain on the outside of the knee. The iliotibial band is a sheath of connective tissue that runs from the gluteal region (buttocks) to the tibia or shin bone. It helps to extend (straighten) the knee joint and abduct (move sideways) the hip. As the ITB passes over the femur (thigh bone) at the knee it rubs against the lateral epicondyle, causing friction. In runners, this may lead to irritation commonly called iliotibial band friction syndrome.
Shin Splints...
The term 'shin splints' is one given to another injury frequently seen among runners, in which there is pain on either the inside or outside of the shin bone (tibia). The term includes stress fractures of the tibia or fibula, inflammation of the tendons on the outside of the ankle, increased pressure within muscle compartments, or inflammation of the membrane covering the tibia. 'Shin splints' is an overuse injury characterized by pain that comes on with exercise. Runners who over-train, run on hard surfaces in poor running shoes, or who exhibit poor technique are susceptible to 'shin splints'.
Plantar Fasciitis...
Plantar fasciitis is inflammation of the fascia (thick band of tissue) at the bottom of the foot where it attaches to the heel bone. This is common in athletes who do a lot of running and jumping. There is gnawing pain or discomfort in the heel that radiates along the sole of the foot. It is also associated with flat feet, over pronation, obesity, and jobs that require a lot of walking over hard surfaces. Shoes with little or no arch support and inactivity may also contribute to this condition.
